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M9470139.TXT
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1994-07-02
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Document 0139
DOCN M9470139
TI Imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the lungs of
HIV-seropositive individuals.
DT 9409
AU Buhl R; Pulmonary Department/ZIM, Frankfurt University Hospital,
Germany.
SO Chem Biol Interact. 1994 Jun;91(2-3):147-58. Unique Identifier :
AIDSLINE MED/94251841
AB Following the initial infection with HIV, there is evidence of immune
dysfunction despite an apparent normal clinical state. In the context
that the lung is a major site affected by opportunistic infection, and
that some components of the immune system are activated during early HIV
infection, we hypothesized that there may be activation of alveolar
macrophages (AM), a key component of the pulmonary host defense system.
Compared to cells from normal individuals, AM of asymptomatic
HIV-seropositive (HIV+) individuals (CDC-stage II) spontaneously
released significantly more superoxide anion (O2-.) (P < 0.002). The
O2-. release by AM of HIV-infected individuals was comparable to the
spontaneous O2-.-release by AM of cigarette smokers (P > 0.6), a
condition often associated with chronic damage of respiratory tissues.
The destructive effects of oxidants are normally suppressed by
antioxidant defense systems. Evaluation of the concentrations of
glutathione, a major component of the pulmonary antioxidant protective
screen, demonstrated that the HIV+ state is also characterized by a
significant glutathione deficiency in lung epithelial lining fluid (P <
0.001) and in venous plasma (P < 0.001). This suggests that the alveolar
structures of HIV+ individuals are continuously exposed to increased
amounts of toxic oxygen radicals without adequate protection, i.e. the
reactive oxygen metabolites may cause sufficient tissue damage
culminating in interstitial lung disease. Further, since many immune
functions are susceptible to injury by extracellular oxidants, the
consequences of an unsuppressed oxidant burden in the lung may amplify
the extent of local immunocompromise. In addition, since glutathione
plays an important role in modulating lymphocyte activation and effector
functions independent of its antioxidant activity, the systemic
glutathione deficiency may contribute to the progressive global immune
dysfunction that characterizes HIV infection.
DE Adult Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/CYTOLOGY Female
Glutathione/BLOOD/*METABOLISM Human HIV
Infections/IMMUNOLOGY/*METABOLISM Lung/*METABOLISM Macrophages,
Alveolar/DRUG EFFECTS/METABOLISM Male Middle Age Reactive Oxygen
Species Superoxides/*METABOLISM JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).